This multiservice publication serves as a guide and a reference for trained members of the Armed Forces Medical Services and other medically qualified personnel on the recognition and treatment of biological warfare (BW) agent casualties. Its purpose is to provide an overview of potential BW agents directed against human beings, the problems that might be created during an attack in which a BW agent is utilized, and the current methods available to medical personnel for recognizing, preventing, and managing these problems. Information contained in this publication may also be relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with naturally acquired diseases or illnesses due to pathogens with BW potential.